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apt list --> 列出系统安装的包
apt show package --> 列出package包的详细信息
apt update --> 更新包列表信息
apt upgrade --> 升级可更新的包
apt install package --> 安装package包
apt remove package --> 移除package包
apt autoremove package --> 移除package及其关联包

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apt-key list --> 列出apt-key列表
sudo apt-key del key --> 删除key
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys the_publickey

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/etc/apt/source.list --> 官方源列表
/etc/apt/source.list.d --> 第三方ppa repository
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:<ppa to install> --> 添加ppa repo
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:<ppa to remove> --> 删除ppa repo

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Put a package on hold:
echo "<package-name> hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

Remove the hold:
echo "<package-name> install" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

Display the status of your packages:
dpkg --get-selections

Display the status of a single package:
dpkg --get-selections | grep "<package-name>"

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Hold a package:
sudo apt-mark hold <package-name>

Remove the hold:
sudo apt-mark unhold <package-name>

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Hold a package:
sudo aptitude hold <package-name>

Remove the hold:
sudo aptitude unhold <package-name>

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dpkg -l --> 输出已经安装的包列表
sudo dpkg -i package.deb --> 安装package包
sudo dpkg -r package --> 移除package包